Cách đọc các ký hiệu toán học trong tiếng anh

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Symbols

Examples

x + 1	x plus one
x -1	x minus one
x ± 1	x plus or minus one
xy	x y; x times y; x multiplied by y
(x — y)(x + y)	x minus y, x plus y
x/y	x over y; x divided by y;
x ÷ y	x divided by y
x = 5	x equals 5; x is equal to 5
x ≈ y	x is approximately equal to y
x ≡ y	x is equivalent to y; x is identical with y
x ≠ y	x is not equal to y
x > y	x is greater than y
x 4	x to the fourth; x to the power four
xn	x to the n; x to the nth; x to the power n
x-n	x to the minus n; x to the power of minus n
√	root x; square root x; the square root of x
∛	the cube root of x
∜	the fourth root of x
	the nth root of x
(x + y)²	x plus y all squared
(x/y)²	x over y all squared
n!	n factorial; factorial n
x%	x percent
∞	infinity
x ∝ y	x varies as y; x is (directly) proportional to y
x ∝ 1/y	x varies as one over y; x is indirectly proportional to y
ẋ	x dot
ẍ	x double dot
f(x) fx	f of x; the function of x
f"(x)	f dash x; the (first) derivative of with respect to x
f”x	f double-dash x; the second derivative of f with respect to x
f”"(x)	f triple-dash x; f treble-dash x; the third derivative of f with respect to x
f(4)	f four x; the fourth derivative of f with respect to x
∂v	the partial derivative of v
∂v∂θ	delta v by delta theta, the partial derivative of v with respect to θ
∂²v∂θ²	delta two v by delta theta squared; the second partial derivative of v with respect to θ
dv	the derivative of v
dvdθ	d v by d theta, the derivative of v with respect to theta
d²vdθ²	d 2 v by d theta squared, the second derivative of v with respect to theta,
∫	integral
	the sum from i equals 1 to n
w.r.t.	with respect to
logey	log to the base e of y; log y to the base e; natural log (of) y
∴	therefore
∵	because
→	gives, approaches
Δx → 0	delta x approaches zero
limΔx→0	the limit as delta x approaches zero, the limit as delta x tends to zero
LtΔx→0	the limit as delta x approaches zero, the limit as delta x tends to zero
m/sec	metres per second
x ∈ A	x belongs to A; x is a member of A; x is an element of A
x∉ A	x does not belong to A; x is not a member of A; x is not an element of A
A⊂ B	A is contained in B; A is a proper subset of B
A ⊆ B	A is contained in B; A is a subset of B
A ⋂ B	A intersection B
A ⋃ B	A union B
cos x	cos x; cosine x
sin x	sine x
tan x	tangent x, tan x
cosec x	cosec x
sinh x	shine x
cosh x	cosh x
tanh x	than x
|x|	mod x; modulus x
18 ℃	eighteen degrees Centigrade
70 ℉	seventy degrees Fahrenheit